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Caracteristicas
y Condiciones Recomendadas Para el Almacenamiento Por Tiempo Largo de Frutas
y Hortalizas Frescas
Compiled by Marita Cantwell
November 2001
Nombre Común en Español: C
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| Nombre
en español |
Nombre
en ingles |
Nombre
científico |
Temperatura de Almacenamiento
| Humedad
relativa |
Temperatura más alta de congelación |
Producción de
etileno* |
Suscepti-
bilidad etileno** |
Vida
de almacenamiento aproximada |
Atmósfera control y Observaciones
|
| |
|
|
°C |
°F |
% |
°C |
°F |
|
|
|
|
| Caimito |
Caimito, star apple |
Chrysophyllum cainito |
3 |
38 |
90 |
-1.2 |
29.9 |
|
|
3 semanas |
|
| Calabacita |
Squash, summer (soft rind);
Courgette |
Cucurbita pepo |
7-10 |
45-50 |
95 |
-0.5 |
31.1 |
B |
M |
1-2 semanas |
3-5% O2 + 5-10% CO2
|
| Calabaza; Zapallo |
Squash winter (hard rind);
Pumpkin |
Cucurbita moschata; C. maxima |
12-15 |
54-59 |
50-70 |
-0.8 |
30.5 |
B |
M |
2-3 meses |
Importante diferencias entre cvs.
|
| Calamondin |
Calamondin orange |
Citrus reticulta x Fortunella
spp. |
9-10 |
48-50 |
90 |
-2.0 |
28.3 |
|
|
2 semanas |
|
| Camote; Boniato; Batata |
Sweetpotato, "Yam" |
Ipomea batatas |
13-15 |
55-59 |
85-95 |
-1.3 |
29.7 |
MB |
B |
4-7 meses |
|
| Cantalúp |
Cantaloupes and other netted
melons |
Cucurbita melo var. reticulatus |
2-5 |
36-41 |
95 |
-1.2 |
29.9 |
H |
M |
2-3 semanas |
3-5% O2 + 10-15% CO2
|
| Carambola |
Carambola, Starfruit |
Averrhoa carambola |
9-10 |
48-50 |
85-90 |
-1.2 |
29.8 |
|
|
3-4 semanas |
|
| Casava; Yuca |
Cassava, Yucca, Manioc |
Manihot esculenta |
0-5 |
32-41 |
85-90 |
|
|
MB |
B |
1-2 meses |
AM no útil
|
| Castaña de agua |
Water Chestnuts |
Eleocharis dulcis |
1-2 |
32-36 |
85-90 |
|
|
|
|
2-4 meses |
|
| Cebolla |
Mature onion bulbs |
Allium cepa |
0 |
32 |
65-70 |
-0.8 |
30.6 |
MB |
B |
1-8 meses |
1-3% O2 + 5-10% CO2
|
| Cebollín; Cebolla verde |
Green onions |
Allium cepa |
0 |
32 |
95-100 |
-0.9 |
30.4 |
B |
A |
3 semanas |
2-4% O2 + 10-20% CO2
|
| Cebollino |
Chives |
Allium schoenoprasum |
0 |
32 |
95-100 |
-0.9 |
30.4 |
B |
M |
2-3 semanas |
5-10% O2 + 5-10% CO2
|
| Cereza de Barbados |
Barbados cherry |
ver Acerola |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cerezas amargas; Guindas |
Cherries, sour |
Prunus cerasus |
0 |
32 |
90-95 |
-1.7 |
29.0 |
|
|
3-7 días |
3-10% O2 + 10-12% CO2
|
| Cerezas dulces; Guindas |
Cherries, sweet |
Prunus avium |
-1 a 0 |
30-32 |
90-95 |
-2.1 |
28.2 |
|
|
2-3 semanas |
10-20% O2 + 20% CO2
|
| Chabacano; Damazco, Albaricoque |
Apricot |
Prunus armeniaca |
-0.5 a 0 |
31-32 |
90-95 |
-1.1 |
30.0 |
M |
A |
1-3 semanas |
2-3% O2 + 2-3% CO2
|
| Chalote; Ascalonia |
Shallots |
Allium cepa var. ascalonicum |
0-2.5 |
32-36 |
65-70 |
-0.7 |
30.7 |
B |
B |
|
|
| Champiñones |
ver Hongos |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chayote |
Chayote |
Sechium edule |
7 |
45 |
85-90 |
|
|
|
|
4-6 semanas |
|
| Chícharo; Guisantes |
Peas in pods |
Pisum sativum |
0 |
32 |
95-98 |
-0.6 |
30.9 |
MB |
M |
1-2 semanas |
2-3% O2 + 2-3% CO2
|
| Chicosapote; Níspero |
Sapodilla, Chicosapote |
Achras sapota |
15-20 |
59-68 |
85-90 |
|
|
A |
A |
2 semanas |
|
| Chile dulce; Pimiento |
Bell Pepper, Paprika |
Capsicum annuum |
7-10 |
45-50 |
95-98 |
-0.7 |
30.7 |
B |
B |
2-3 semanas |
2-5% O2 + 2-5% CO2
|
| Chile picante; Aji |
Hot peppers, Chiles |
Capsicum annuum and C. frutescens |
5-10 |
41-50 |
85-95 |
-0.7 |
30.7 |
B |
M |
2-3 semanas |
3-5% O2 + 5-10% CO2
|
| Chirimoya |
Cherimoya;
Custard apple |
Annona cherimola |
13 |
55 |
90-95 |
-2.2 |
28.0 |
A |
A |
2-4 semanas |
3-5% O2 + 5-10% CO2
|
| Chirivia |
Parsnips |
Pastinaca sativa |
0 |
32 |
95-100 |
-0.9 |
30.4 |
MB |
A |
4-6 meses |
amargura con etileno
|
| Cilantro |
Cilantro,
Chinese parsley |
Coriandrum sativum |
0-1 |
32-34 |
95-100 |
|
|
MB |
A |
2 semanas |
3-5% O2 + 5-10% CO2 air + 5-10% CO2
|
| Ciruela del país; Mombin;
Jocote |
Spondias,
Mombin, Wi apple, Hogplum, |
Spondias spp. |
13 |
55 |
85-90 |
|
|
|
|
1-2 semanas |
|
| Ciruela; Ciruela pasa |
Plums and Prunes |
Prunus domestica |
-0.5 - 0 |
31-32 |
90-95 |
-0.8 |
30.5 |
M |
M |
2-5 semanas |
1-2% O2 + 0-5% CO2
|
| Coco |
Coconut |
Cocos nucifera |
0-2 |
32-36 |
80-85 |
-0.9 |
30.4 |
|
|
1-2 meses |
|
| Col; Repollo tardio |
Late crop cabbage |
Brassica oleracea var. Capitata |
0 |
32 |
95-100 |
-0.9 |
30.4 |
MB |
A |
5-6 meses |
3-5% O2 + 3-7% CO2
|
| Col; Repollo tempranero |
Early crop cabbage |
Brassica oleracea var. Capitata |
0 |
32 |
98-100 |
-0.9 |
30.4 |
MB |
A |
3-6 semanas |
|
| Col china; Repollo chino |
Chinese cabbage; Napa cabbage |
Brassica campestris var.
Pekinensis |
0 |
32 |
95-100 |
-0.9 |
30.4 |
MB |
M-A |
2-3 meses |
1-2% O2 + 0-5% CO2
|
| Col de Bruselas |
Brussel Sprouts |
Brassica oleracea var. Gemnifera |
0 |
32 |
95-100 |
-0.8 |
30.5 |
MB |
A |
3-5 semanas |
1-2% O2 + 5-7% CO2
|
Col de hoja; Berza;
Col rizada |
Collards, Kale |
Brassica oleracea
var. Acephala |
0 |
32 |
95-100 |
-0.5 |
31.1 |
MB |
A |
10-14 días |
|
| Coliflor |
Cauliflower |
Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis |
0 |
32 |
95-98 |
-0.8 |
30.6 |
MB |
A |
3-4 semanas |
2-5% O2 + 2-5% CO2
|
| Colinabo; Col rábano |
Kohlrabi |
Brassica oleracea var.
Gongylodes |
0 |
32 |
98-100 |
-1.0 |
30.2 |
MB |
B |
2-3 meses |
AM no útil
|
| Crosne de Japón |
Japanese artichoke;
Chinese artichoke |
Stachys affinia |
0 |
32 |
90-95 |
|
|
MB |
B |
1-2 semanas |
|
*Tasa de producción de etileno:
MB = muy baja (<0.1 µL/kg-h a 20°C)
B = baja (0.1=1.0 µL/kg-h)
M = moderada (1.0-10.0 µL/kg-h)
A = alta (10-100 µL/kg-h)
VA = muy alta (>100 µL/kg-h)
**Susceptibilidad al daño por etileno (amarillamiento de hojas,
ablandamiento, aumento en pudriciones, pérdida de hojas, pardeamiento)
B = poco susceptible
M= moderadamente susceptible
A = altamente susceptible
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